Test Bank for Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children 10th Edition by Hockenberry With Rationales

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Test Bank Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children 10th Edition by Hockenberry Table Of Contents Chapter 1: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing Chapter 2: Family, Social, Cultural, and Religious Influences on Child Health Promotion Chapter 3: Developmental and Genetic Influences on Child Health Promotion Chapter 4: Communication and Physical Assessment of the Child and Family Chapter 5: Pain Assessment in and Management in Children Chapter 6: Infectious Disease Chapter 7: Health Promotion of the Newborn and Family Chapter 8: Health Problems of Newborns Chapter 9: Health Promotion of the Infant and Family Chapter 10: Health Problem of Infants Chapter 11: Health Promotion of the Toddler and Family Chapter 12: Health Promotion of the Preschooler and Family Chapter 13: Health Problems of Toddlers and Preschoolers Chapter 14: Health Promotion of the School Age Child and Family Chapter 15: Health Promotion of the Adolescent and Family Chapter 16: Health Problems of School Age Children and Adolescents Chapter 17: Quality of Life for Children Living with Chronic or Complex Diseases Chapter 18: Impact of Cognitive or Sensory Impairment on the Child and Family Chapter 19: Family-Centered Care of the Child During Illness and Hospitalization Chapter 20: Pediatric Variations of Nursing Interventions Chapter 21: The Child with Respiratory Dysfunction Chapter 22: The Child with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Chapter 23: The Child with Cardiovascular Dysfunction Chapter 24: The Child with Hematologic or Immunologic Dysfunction Chapter 25: The Child with Cancer Chapter 26: The Child with Genitourinary Dysfunction Chapter 27: The Child with Cerebral Dysfunction Chapter 28: The Child with Endocrine Dysfunction Chapter 29: The Child with Musculoskeletal or Articular Dysfunction Chapter 30: The Child with Neuromuscular or Muscular Dysfunction MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A nurse is planning a teaching session for parents of preschool children. Which statement explains why the nurse should include information about morbidity and mortality? a. Life span statistics are included in the data. b. It explains effectiveness of treatment. c. Cost-effective treatment is detailed for the general population. d. High-risk age groups for certain disorders or hazards are identified. ANS: D Analysis of morbidity and mortality data provides the parents with information about which groups of individuals are at risk for which health problems. Life span statistics is a part of the mortality data. Treatment modalities and cost are not included in morbidity and mortality data. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 11 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 2. A clinic nurse is planning a teaching session about childhood obesity prevention for parents of school-age children. The nurse should include which associated risk of obesity in the teaching plan? a. Type I diabetes b. Respiratory disease c. Celiac disease d. Type II diabetes ANS: D NURSINGTB.COM Childhood obesity has been associated with the rise of type II diabetes in children. Type I diabetes is not associated with obesity and has a genetic component. Respiratory disease is not associated with obesity, and celiac disease is the inability to metabolize gluten in foods and is not associated with obesity. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 2 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 3. Which is the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year? a. Congenital anomalies b. Sudden infant death syndrome c. Respiratory distress syndrome d. Bacterial sepsis of the newborn ANS: A Congenital anomalies account for 20.1% of deaths in infants younger than 1 year. Sudden infant death syndrome accounts for 8.2% of deaths in this age group. Respiratory distress syndrome accounts for 3.4% of deaths in this age group. Infections specific to the perinatal period account for 2.7% of deaths in this age group. WONGS ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 10TH EDITION HOCKENBERRY TEST BANK This document was verified chapter by chapter by chris jay- DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 6 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 4. Which leading cause of death topic should the nurse emphasize to a group of African-American boys ranging in age from 15 to 19 years? a. Suicide b. Cancer c. Firearm homicide d. Occupational injuries ANS: C Firearm homicide is the second overall cause of death in this age group and the leading cause of death in African-American males. Suicide is the third-leading cause of death in this population. Cancer, although a major health problem, is the fourth-leading cause of death in this age group. Occupational injuries do not contribute to a significant death rate for this age group. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 7 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 5. Which is the major cause of death for children older than 1 year? a. Cancer b. Heart disease c. Unintentional injuries d. Congenital anomalies ANS: C NURSINGTB.COM Unintentional injuries (accidents) are the leading cause of death after age 1 year through adolescence. Congenital anomalies are the leading cause of death in those younger than 1 year. Cancer ranks either second or fourth, depending on the age group, and heart disease ranks fifth in the majority of the age groups. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 7 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 6. Which is the leading cause of death from unintentional injuries for females ranging in age from 1 to 14? a. Mechanical suffocation b. Drowning c. Motor vehicle–related fatalities d. Fire- and burn-related fatalities ANS: C Motor vehicle–related fatalities are the leading cause of death for females ranging in age from 1 to 14, either as passengers or as pedestrians. Mechanical suffocation is fourth or fifth, depending on the age. Drowning is the second- or third-leading cause of death, depending on the age. Fire- and burn-related fatalities are the second-leading cause of death. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 3 WONGS ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 10TH EDITION HOCKENBERRY TEST BANK This document was verified chapter by chapter by chris jay- TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 7. Which factor most impacts the type of injury a child is susceptible to, according to the child’s age? a. Physical health of the child b. Developmental level of the child c. Educational level of the child d. Number of responsible adults in the home ANS: B The child’s developmental stage determines the type of injury that is likely to occur. The child’s physical health may facilitate the child’s recovery from an injury but does not impact the type of injury. Educational level is related to developmental level, but it is not as important as the child’s developmental level in determining the type of injury. The number of responsible adults in the home may affect the number of unintentional injuries, but the type of injury is related to the child’s developmental stage. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 3 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 8. Which is now referred to as the “new morbidity”? a. Limitations in the major activities of daily living b. Unintentional injuries that cause chronic health problems c. Discoveries of new therapies to treat health problems d. Behavioral, social, and educational problems that alter health NURSINGTB.COM ANS: D The new morbidity reflects the behavioral, social, and educational problems that interfere with the child’s social and academic development. It is currently estimated that the incidence of these issues is from 5% to 30%. Limitations in major activities of daily living and unintentional injuries that result in chronic health problems are included in morbidity data. Discovery of new therapies would be reflected in changes in morbidity data over time. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 2 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 9. A nurse on a pediatric unit is practicing family-centered care. Which is most descriptive of the care the nurse is delivering? a. Taking over total care of the child to reduce stress on the family b. Encouraging family dependence on health care systems c. Recognizing that the family is the constant in a child’s life d. Excluding families from the decision-making process ANS: C The three key components of family-centered care are respect, collaboration, and support. Family-centered care recognizes the family as the constant in the child’s life. Taking over total care does not include the family in the process and may increase stress instead of reducing stress. The family should be enabled and empowered to work with the health care system. The family is expected to be part of the decision-making process. WONGS ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 10TH EDITION HOCKENBERRY TEST BANK This document was verified chapter by chapter by chris jay- DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 7 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 10. The nurse is preparing an in-service education to staff about atraumatic care for pediatric patients. Which intervention should the nurse include? a. Prepare the child for separation from parents during hospitalization by reviewing a video. b. Prepare the child before any unfamiliar treatment or procedure by demonstrating on a stuffed animal. c. Help the child accept the loss of control associated with hospitalization. d. Help the child accept pain that is connected with a treatment or procedure. ANS: B Preparing the child for any unfamiliar treatments, controlling pain, allowing privacy, providing play activities for expression of fear and aggression, providing choices, and respecting cultural differences are components of atraumatic care. In the provision of atraumatic care, the separation of child from parents during hospitalization is minimized. The nurse should promote a sense of control for the child. Preventing and minimizing bodily injury and pain are major components of atraumatic care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 8 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 11. Which is most suggestive that a nurse has a nontherapeutic relationship with a patient and family? NURSINGTB.COM a. Staff is concerned about the nurse’s actions with the patient and family. b. Staff assignments allow the nurse to care for same patient and family over an extended time. c. Nurse is able to withdraw emotionally when emotional overload occurs but still remains committed. d. Nurse uses teaching skills to instruct patient and family rather than doing everything for them. ANS: A An clue to a nontherapeutic staff-patient relationship is concern of other staff members. Allowing the nurse to care for the same patient over time would be therapeutic for the patient and family. Nurses who are able to somewhat withdraw emotionally can protect themselves while providing therapeutic care. Nurses using teaching skills to instruct patient and family will assist in transitioning the child and family to self-care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze REF: p. 8 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 12. Which is most descriptive of clinical reasoning? a. A simple developmental process b. Purposeful and goal-directed c. Based on deliberate and irrational thought WONGS ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 10TH EDITION HOCKENBERRY TEST BANK This document was verified chapter by chapter by chris jay- d. Assists individuals in guessing what is most appropriate ANS: B Clinical reasoning is a complex, developmental process based on rational and deliberate thought. Clinical reasoning is not a developmental process. Clinical reasoning is based on rational and deliberate thought. Clinical reasoning is not a guessing process. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 10 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 13. A nurse makes the decision to apply a topical anesthetic to a child’s skin before drawing blood. Which ethical principle is the nurse demonstrating? a. Autonomy b. Beneficence c. Justice d. Truthfulness ANS: B Beneficence is the obligation to promote the patient’s well-being. Applying a topical anesthetic before drawing blood promotes reducing the discomfort of the venipuncture. Autonomy is the patient’s right to be self-governing. Justice is the concept of fairness. Truthfulness is the concept of honesty. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 10 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Physiological Integrity NURSINGTB.COM 14. Which action by the nurse demonstrates use of evidence-based practice (EBP)? a. Gathering equipment for a procedure b. Documenting changes in a patient’s status c. Questioning the use of daily central line dressing changes d. Clarifying a physician’s prescription for morphine ANS: C The nurse who questions the daily central line dressing change is ascertaining whether clinical interventions result in positive outcomes for patients. This demonstrates EBP, which implies questioning why something is effective and whether a better approach exists. Gathering equipment for a procedure and documenting changes in a patient’s status are practices that follow established guidelines. Clarifying a physician’s prescription for morphine constitutes safe nursing care. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 10 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Evaluation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 15. A nurse is admitting a toddler to the hospital. The toddler is with both parents and is currently sitting comfortably on a parent’s lap. The parents state they will need to leave for a brief period. Which type of nursing diagnosis should the nurse formulate for this child? a. Risk for anxiety b. Anxiety c. Readiness for enhanced coping WONGS ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 10TH EDITION HOCKENBERRY TEST BANK This document was verified chapter by chapter by chris jay- d. Ineffective coping ANS: A A potential problem is categorized as a risk. The toddler has a risk to become anxious when the parents leave. Nursing interventions will be geared toward reducing the risk. The child is not showing current anxiety or ineffective coping. The child is not at a point for readiness for enhanced coping, especially because the parents will be leaving. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 11 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Diagnosis MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 16. A child has a postoperative appendectomy incision covered by a dressing. The nurse has just completed a prescribed dressing change for this child. Which description is an accurate documentation of this procedure? a. Dressing change to appendectomy incision completed, child tolerated procedure well, parent present b. No complications noted during dressing change to appendectomy incision c. Appendectomy incision non-reddened, sutures intact, no drainage noted on old dressing, new dressing applied, procedure tolerated well by child d. No changes to appendectomy incisional area, dressing changed, child complained of pain during procedure, new dressing clean, dry and intact ANS: C The nurse should document assessments and reassessments. Appearance of the incision described in objective terms should be included during a dressing change. The nurse should document patient’s response and the outcomes of the care provided. In this example, these include drainage on the old dressiNngU,RtShIeNaGpTpBli .CcaOtMion of the new dressing, and the child’s response. The other statements partially fulfill the requirements of documenting assessments and reassessments, patient’s response, and outcome, but do not include all three. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze REF: p. 12 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 17. A nurse is planning a class on accident prevention for parents of toddlers. Which safety topic is the priority for this class? a. Appropriate use of car seat restraints b. Safety crossing the street c. Helmet use when riding a bicycle d. Poison control numbers ANS: A Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) continue to be the most common cause of death in children older than 1 year, therefore the priority topic is appropriate use of car seat restraints. Safety crossing the street and bicycle helmet use are topics that should be included for preschool parents but are not priorities for parents of toddlers. Information about poison control is important for parents of toddlers and would be a safety topic to include but is not the priority over appropriate use of car seat restraints. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 3 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning WONGS ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 10TH EDITION HOCKENBERRY TEST BANK This document was verified chapter by chapter by chris jay- MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 18. A nurse is collecting subjective and objective information about target populations to diagnose problems based on community needs. This describes which step in the community nursing process? a. Planning b. Diagnosis c. Assessment d. Establishing objectives ANS: C The nursing process stages are similar, whether the client is one child or a population of children. The assessment phase of the nursing process focuses on collecting subjective and objective data. Planning is the development of community-centered goals and objectives. Diagnosis is the identification of problems specific to the community. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 11 TOP: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 19. A nurse is establishing several health programs, such as bicycle safety, to improve the health status of a target population. This describes which step in the community nursing process? a. Planning b. Evaluation c. Assessment d. Implementation ANS: D NURSINGTB.COM The nurse working with the community to put into practice a program to reach community goals is the implementation phase of the community nursing process. Planning involves designing the program to meet community-centered goals. The evaluation stage would determine the effectiveness of the program. During the assessment phase, the nurse would identify the resources necessary and the barriers that would interfere with implementation. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 11 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 20. A school nurse is conducting vision and hearing testing on fifth-grade children. Which level of prevention is the nurse demonstrating? a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary d. Health promotion ANS: B Secondary prevention focuses on screening and early diagnosis of disease. Vision and hearing testing are screening tests to detect problems. Primary prevention focuses on health promotion and prevention of disease or injury. Tertiary prevention focuses on optimizing function for children with a disability or chronic disease. Health promotion is focused on preventing disease or illness. WONGS ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 10TH EDITION HOCKENBERRY TEST BANK This document was verified chapter by chapter by chris jay- DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 2 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 21. The home health nurse asks a child’s mother many questions as part of the assessment. The mother answers many questions, then stops and says, “I don’t know why you ask me all this. Who gets to know this information?” The nurse should take which action? a. Determine why the mother is so suspicious. b. Determine what the mother does not want to tell. c. Explain who will have access to the information. d. Explain that everything is confidential and that no one else will know what is said. ANS: C Communication with the family should not be invasive. The nurse needs to explain the importance of collecting the information, its applicability to the child’s care, and who will have access to the information. The mother is not being suspicious and is not necessarily withholding important information. She has a right to understand how the information she provides will be used. The nurse will need to share, through both oral and written communication, clinically relevant information with other involved health professionals. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 9 TOP: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 22. When communicating with other professionals, what is important for the nurse to do? a. Ask others what they want to know. b. Share everything known about the family. c. Restrict communication to clin Ni Uca Rl S ly INr Gel Te Bv . a Cn Ot Minformation. d. Recognize that confidentiality is not possible. ANS: C The nurse will need to share, through both oral and written communication, clinically relevant information with other involved health professionals. Asking others what they want to know and sharing everything known about the family is inappropriate. Patients have a right to confidentiality. The nurse is not permitted to share information about clients, except clinically relevant information that pertains to the child’s care. Confidentiality permits the disclosure of information to other health professionals on a need-to-know basis. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 9 TOP: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 23. A nurse manager at a home-care agency is planning a continuing education program for the home-care staff nurses. Which type of continuing education program should the nurse manager plan? a. On-line training modules b. A structured written teaching module each nurse completes individually c. A workshop training day, with a professional speaker, where nurses can interact with each other d. One-on-one continuing education training with each nurse ANS: C WONGS ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 10TH EDITION HOCKENBERRY TEST BANK This document was verified chapter by chapter by chris jay- Because of the unique practice environment of home care nurses, it is important for an agency to facilitate sharing among peers to decrease work-related stress, increase job satisfaction, and support high-quality patient care. On-line training, written teaching modules, and one-on-one training would not allow for any sharing with peers. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 7 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Which behaviors by the nurse indicate a therapeutic relationship with children and families? (Select all that apply.) a. Spending off-duty time with children and families b. Asking questions if families are not participating in the care c. Clarifying information for families d. Buying toys for a hospitalized child e. Learning about the family’s religious preferences ANS: B, C, E Asking questions if families are not participating in the care, clarifying information for families, and learning about the family’s religious preferences are positive actions and foster therapeutic relationships with children and families. Spending off-duty time with children and families and buying toys for a hospitalized child are negative actions and indicate overinvolvement with children and families, which is nontherapeutic. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand NURSINRGETFB:.CpO.M8 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Evaluation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 2. Which behaviors by the nurse indicate therapeutic nurse-family boundaries? (Select all that apply.) a. Nurse visits family on days off. b. House rules are negotiated. c. Nurse buys child expensive gifts. d. Communication is open and two-way. ANS: B, D A home care nurse can establish therapeutic nurse-family boundaries by negotiating house rules and ensuring that communication is open and two-way. Visiting the family of off-duty days and buying expensive gifts for the child would be boundary crossing and nontherapeutic. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze REF: p. 8 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity OTHER WONGS ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 10TH EDITION HOCKENBERRY TEST BANK This document was verified chapter by chapter by chris jay- 1. A nurse is formulating a clinical question for evidence-based practice. Place in order the steps the nurse should use to clarify the scope of the problem and clinical topic of interest. Begin with the first step of the process and proceed ordering the steps ending with the final step of the process. Provide answer as lowercase letters separated by commas (e.g., a, b, c, d, e). a. Intervention b. Outcome c. Population d. Time e. Control ANS: c, a, e, b, d When formulating a clinical question for evidence-based practice, the nurse should follow a concise, organized way that allows for clear answers. Good clinical questions should be asked in the PICOT (population, intervention, control, outcome, time) format to assist with clarity and literature searching. PICOT questions assist with clarifying the scope of the problem and clinical topic of interest. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 10 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance NURSINGTB.COM Chapter 02: Family, Social, Cultural, and Religious Influences on Child Health Promotion Hockenberry: Wong’s Essentials of Pediatric Nursing, 10th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A nurse is selecting a family theory to assess a patient’s family dynamics. Which family theory best describes a series of tasks for the family throughout its life span? a. Interactional theory b. Developmental systems theory c. Structural-functional theory d. Duvall’s developmental theory ANS: D Duvall’s developmental theory describes eight developmental tasks of the family throughout its life span. Interactional theory and structural-functional theory are not family theories. Developmental systems theory is an outgrowth of Duvall’s theory. The family is described as a small group, a semiclosed system of personalities that interact with the larger cultural system. Changes do not occur in one part of the family without changes in others. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 17 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 2. Which family theory explains how families react to stressful events and suggests factors that promote adaptation to these events? a. Interactional theory b. Developmental systems theory c. Family stress theory d. Duvall’s developmental theory ANS: C Family stress theory explains the reaction of families to stressful events. In addition, the theory helps suggest factors that promote adaptation to the stress. Stressors, both positive and negative, are cumulative and affect the family. Adaptation requires a change in family structure or interaction. Interactional theory is not a family theory. Interactions are the basis of general systems theory. Developmental systems theory is an outgrowth of Duvall’s theory. The family is described as a small group, a semiclosed system of personalities that interact with the larger cultural system. Changes do not occur in one part of the family without changes in others. Duvall’s developmental theory describes eight developmental tasks of the family throughout its life span. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 16 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 3. Which is the term for a family in which the paternal grandmother, the parents, and two minor children live together? a. Blended b. Nuclear c. Binuclear d. Extended ANS: D An extended family contains at least one parent, one or more children, and one or more members (related or unrelated) other than a parent or sibling. A blended family contains at least one stepparent, step-sibling, or half-sibling. The nuclear family consists of two parents and their children. No other relatives or nonrelatives are present in the household. In binuclear families, parents continue the parenting role while terminating the spousal unit. For example, when joint custody is assigned by the court, each parent has equal rights and responsibilities for the minor child or children. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 18 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 4. A nurse is assessing a family’s structure. Which describes a family in which a mother, her children, and a stepfather live together? a. Blended b. Nuclear c. Binuclear d. Extended ANS: A A blended family contains at least one stepparent, step-sibling, or half-sibling. The nuclear family consists of two parents and their children. No other relatives or nonrelatives are present in the household. In binuclear families, parents continue the parenting role while terminating the spousal unit. For example, when joint custody is assigned by the court, each parent has equal rights and responsibilities for the minor child or children. An extended family contains at least one parent, one or more children, and one or more members (related or unrelated) other than a parent or sibling. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 18 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 5. Parents of a firstborn child are asking whether it is normal for their child to be extremely competitive. The nurse should respond to the parents that studies about the ordinal position of children suggest that firstborn children tend to: a. be praised less often. b. be more achievement oriented. c. be more popular with the peer group. d. identify with peer group more than parents. ANS: B Firstborn children, like only children, tend to be more achievement oriented. Being praised less often, being more popular with the peer group, and identifying with peer groups more than parents are characteristics of later-born children. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 29 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 6. The nurse is teaching a group of new parents about the experience of role transition. Which statement by a parent would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching? a. “My marital relationship can have a positive or negative effect on the role transition.” b. “If an infant has special care needs, the parents’ sense of confidence in their new role is strengthened.” c. “Young parents can adjust to the new role easier than older parents.” d. “A parent’s previous experience with children makes the role transition more difficult.” ANS: A If parents are supportive of each other, they can serve as positive influences on establishing satisfying parental roles. When marital tensions alter caregiving routines and interfere with the enjoyment of the infant, then the marital relationship has a negative effect. Infants with special care needs can be a significant source of added stress. Older parents are usually more able to cope with the greater financial responsibilities, changes in sleeping habits, and reduced time for each other and other children. Parents who have previous experience with parenting appear more relaxed, have less conflict in disciplinary relationships, and are more aware of normal growth and development. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 17 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Evaluation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 7. When assessing a family, the nurse determines that the parents exert little or no control over their children. What is this style of parenting called? a. Permissive b. Dictatorial c. Democratic d. Authoritarian ANS: A Permissive parents avoid imposing their own standards of conduct and allow their children to regulate their own activity as much as possible. The parents exert little or no control over their children’s actions. Dictatorial or authoritarian parents attempt to control their children’s behavior and attitudes through unquestioned mandates. They establish rules and regulations or standards of conduct that they expect to be followed rigidly and unquestioningly. Democratic parents combine permissive and dictatorial styles. They direct their children’s behavior and attitudes by emphasizing the reasons for rules and negatively reinforcing deviations. They respect the child’s individual nature. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 20 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Diagnosis MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 8. When discussing discipline with the mother of a 4-year-old child, the nurse should include which instruction? a. Children as young as 4 years old rarely need to be punished. b. Parental control should be consistent. c. Withdrawal of love and approval is effective at this age. d. One should expect rules to be followed rigidly and unquestioningly. ANS: B For effective discipline, parents must be consistent and must follow through with agreed-on actions. Realistic goals should be set for this age group. Parents should structure the environment to prevent unnecessary difficulties. Requests for behavior change should be phrased in a positive manner to provide direction for the child. Withdrawal of love and approval is never appropriate or effective. Discipline strategies should be appropriate to the child’s age, temperament, and severity of the misbehavior. Following rules rigidly and unquestioningly is beyond the developmental capabilities of a 4-year-old. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 20 TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 9. Which is most characteristic of the physical punishment of children, such as spanking? a. Psychological impact is usually minimal. b. Children rarely become accustomed to spanking. c. Children’s development of reasoning increases. d. Misbehavior is likely to occur when parents are not present. ANS: D Through the use of physical punishment, children learn what they should not do. When parents are not around, it is more likely that children will misbehave because they have not learned to behave well for their own sake, but rather out of fear of punishment. Spanking can cause severe physical and psychological injury and interfere with effective parent-child interaction. Children do become accustomed to spanking, requiring more severe corporal punishment each time. The use of corporal punishment may interfere with the child’s development of moral reasoning. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 20 TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 10. A 3-year-old girl was adopted immediately after birth. The parents have just asked the nurse how they should tell the child that she is adopted. Which guidelines concerning adoption should the nurse use in planning a response? a. Telling the child is an important aspect of their parental responsibilities. b. The best time to tell the child is between ages 7 and 10 years. c. It is not necessary to tell the child who was adopted so young. d. It is best to wait until the child asks about it. ANS: A It is important for the parents not to withhold information about the adoption from the child. It is an essential component of the child’s identity. There is no recommended best time to tell children. It is believed that children should be told young enough so they do not remember a time when they did not know. It should be done before the children enter school to keep third parties from telling the children before the parents have had the opportunity. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 22 TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance A parent of a school-age child is going through a divorce. The parent tells the school nurse the child has not been doing well in school and sometimes has trouble sleeping. The nurse should recognize this as which implication? e. Indication of maladjustment f. Common reaction to divorce g. Lack of adequate parenting h. Unusual response that indicates need for referral ANS: B Parental divorce affects school-age children in many ways. In addition to difficulties in school, they often have profound sadness, depression, fear, insecurity, frequent crying, loss of appetite, and sleep disorders. This is not an indication of maladjustment, suggestive of lack of adequate parenting, or an unusual response that indicates need for referral in school-age children after parental divorce. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 24 TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 11. A mother brings 6-month-old Eric to the clinic for a well-baby checkup. She comments, “I want to go back to work, but I don’t want Eric to suffer because I’ll have less time with him.” The nurse’s most appropriate answer would be which statement? a. “I’m sure he’ll be fine if you get a good babysitter.” b. “You will need to stay home until Eric starts school.” c. “You should go back to work so Eric will get used to being with others.” d. “Let’s talk about the child care options that will be best for Eric.” ANS: D Let’s talk about the child care options that will be best for Eric is an open-ended statement that will assist the mother in exploring her concerns about what is best for both her and Eric. I’m sure he’ll be fine if you get a good babysitter, You will need to stay home until Eric starts school, and You should go back to work so Eric will get used to being with others are directive statements. They do not address the effect of her working on Eric. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 27 TOP: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 12. Which term best describes a group of people who share a set of values, beliefs, practices, social relationships, law, politics, economics, and norms of behavior? a. Race b. Culture c. Ethnicity d. Social group ANS: B Culture is a pattern of assumptions, beliefs, and practices that unconsciously frames or guides the outlook and decisions of a group of people. A culture is composed of individuals who share a set of values, beliefs, and practices that serve as a frame of reference for individual perceptions and judgments. Race is defined as a division of humankind possessing traits that are transmissible by descent and are sufficient to characterize it as a distinct human type. Ethnicity is an affiliation of a set of persons who share a unique cultural, social, and linguistic heritage. A social group consists of systems of roles carried out in groups. Examples of primary social groups include the family and peer groups. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 29 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 13. Which term best describes the emotional attitude that one’s own ethnic group is superior to others? a. Culture b. Ethnicity c. Superiority d. Ethnocentrism ANS: D Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s way of living and behaving is the best way. This includes the emotional attitude that the values, beliefs, and perceptions of one’s ethnic group are superior to those of others. Culture is a pattern of assumptions, beliefs, and practices that unconsciously frames or guides the outlook and decisions of a group of people. A culture is composed of individuals who share a set of values, beliefs, and practices that serves as a frame of reference for individual perception and judgments. Ethnicity is an affiliation of a set of persons who share a unique cultural, social, and linguistic heritage. Superiority is the state or quality of being superior; it does not include ethnicity. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 30 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Dunst, Trivette, and Deal identified the qualities of strong families that help them function effectively. Which qualities are included? (Select all that apply.) a. Ability to stay connected without spending time together b. Clear set of family values, rules, and beliefs c. Adoption of one coping strategy that always promotes positive functioning in dealing with life events d. Sense of commitment toward growth of individual family members as opposed to that of the family unit e. Ability to engage in problem-solving activities f. Sense of balance between the use of internal and external family resources ANS: B, E, F A clear set of family rules, values, and beliefs that establishes expectations about acceptable and desired behavior is one of the qualities of strong families that help them function effectively. Strong families also are able to engage in problem-solving activities and to find a balance between internal and external forces. Strong families have a sense of congruence among family members regarding the value and importance of assigning time and energy to meet needs. Strong families also use varied coping strategies. The sense of commitment is toward the growth and well-being of individual family members, as well as the family unit. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 19 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Diagnosis MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 2. A nurse is conducting a teaching session on the use of time-out as a discipline measure to parents of toddlers. Which are correct strategies the nurse should include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) a. Time-out as a discipline measure cannot be used when in a public place. b. A rule for the length of time-out is 1 minute per year. c. When the child misbehaves, one warning should be given. d. The area for time-out can be in the family room where the child can see the television. e. When the child is quiet for the specified time, he or she can leave the room. ANS: B, C, E A rule for the length of time-out is 1 minute per year of age; use a kitchen timer with an audible bell to record the time rather than a watch. When the child misbehaves, one warning should be given. When the child is quiet for the duration of the time, he or she can then leave the room. Time-out can be used in public places and the parents should be consistent on the use of time-out. Implement time-out in a public place by selecting a suitable area or explain to children that time-out will be spent immediately on returning home. The time-out should not be spent in an area from which the child can view the television. Select an area for time-out that is safe, convenient, and unstimulating but where the child can be monitored, such as the bathroom, hallway, or laundry room. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 21 TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 3. Divorced parents of a preschool child are asking whether their child will display any feelings or behaviors related to the effect of the divorce. The nurse is correct when explaining that the parents should be prepared for which types of behaviors? (Select all that apply.) a. Displaying fears of abandonment b. Verbalizing that he or she “is the reason for the divorce” c. Displaying fear regarding the future d. Ability to disengage from the divorce proceedings e. Engaging in fantasy to understand the divorce ANS: A, B, E A child 3 to 5 years of age (preschool) may display fears of abandonment, verbalize feelings that he or she is the reason for the divorce, and engage in fantasy to understand the divorce. He or she would not be displaying fear regarding the future until school age, and the ability to disengage from the divorce proceedings would be characteristic of an adolescent. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 24 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Teaching and Learning COMPLETION 1. A nurse is admitting a child, in foster care, to the hospital. The nurse recognizes that foster parents care for the child hours a day. (Record your answer as a whole number.) ANS: 24 The term foster care is defined as 24-hour substitute care for children outside of their own homes. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 27 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance WONGS ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 10TH EDITION HOCKENBERRY TEST BANK NURSINGTB.COM Chapter 03: Developmental and Genetic Influences on Child Health Promotion Hockenberry: Wong’s Essentials of Pediatric Nursing, 10th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. An infant gains head control before sitting unassisted. The nurse recognizes that this is which type of development? a. Cephalocaudal b. Proximodistal c. Mass to specific d. Sequential ANS: A The pattern of development that is head-to-tail, or cephalocaudal, direction is described by an infant’s ability to gain head control before sitting unassisted. The head end of the organism develops first and is large and complex, whereas the lower end is smaller and simpler, and development takes place at a later time. Proximodistal, or near to far, is another pattern of development. Limb buds develop before fingers and toes. Postnatally, the child has control of the shoulder before achieving mastery of the hands. Mass to specific is not a specific pattern of development. In all dimensions of growth, a definite, sequential pattern is followed. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 38 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance NURSINGTB.COM 2. Which refers to those times in an individual’s life when he or she is more susceptible to positive or negative influences? a. Sensitive period b. Sequential period c. Terminal points d. Differentiation points ANS: A Sensitive periods are limited times during the process of growth when the organism will interact with a particular environment in a specific manner. These times make the organism more susceptible to positive or negative influences. The sequential period, terminal points, and differentiation points are developmental times that do not make the organism more susceptible to environmental interaction. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 39 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 3. An infant who weighs 7 pounds at birth would be expected to weigh how many pounds at age 1 year? a. 14 b. 16 c. 18 TestBankW WONGS ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 10TH EDITION HOCKENBERRY TEST BANK NURSINGTB.COM d. 21 ANS: D In general, birth weight triples by the end of the first year of life. For an infant who was 7 pounds at birth, 21 pounds would be the anticipated weight at the first birthday; 14, 16, or 18 pounds is below what would be expected for an infant with a birth weight of 7 pounds. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 41 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 4. By what age does birth length usually double? a. 1 year b. 2 years c. 4 years d. 6 years ANS: C Linear growth or height occurs almost entirely as a result of skeletal growth and is considered a stable measurement of general growth. On average, most children have doubled their birth length at age 4 years. One and 2 years are too young for doubling of length. Most children will have achieved the doubling by age 4 years. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 41 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance NURSINGTB.COM 5. Parents of an 8-year-old child ask the nurse how many inches their child should grow each year. The nurse bases the answer on the knowledge that after age 7 years, school-age children usually grow what number of inches per year? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 ANS: B The growth velocity after age 7 years is approximately 5 cm (2 inches) per year. One inch is too small an amount. Three and 4 inches are greater than the average yearly growth after age 7 years. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 41 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 6. Parents express concern that their pubertal daughter is taller than the boys in her class. The nurse should respond with which statement regarding how the onset of pubertal growth spurt compares in girls and boys? a. It occurs earlier in boys. b. It occurs earlier in girls. c. It is about the same in both boys and girls. TestBankW WONGS ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 10TH EDITION HOCKENBERRY TEST BANK NURSINGTB.COM d. In both boys and girls, the pubertal growth spurt depends on growth in infancy. ANS: B Usually, the pubertal growth spurt begins earlier in girls. It typically occurs between the ages of 10 and 14 years for girls and 11 and 16 years for boys. The average earliest age at onset is 1 year earlier for girls. There does not appear to be a relation to growth during infancy. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 41 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 7. A 13-year-old girl asks the nurse how much taller she will get. She has been growing about 2 inches per year but grew 4 inches this past year. Menarche recently occurred. The nurse should base her response on which statement? a. Growth cannot be predicted. b. Pubertal growth spurt lasts about 1 year. c. Mature height is achieved when menarche occurs. d. Approximately 95% of mature height is achieved when menarche occurs. ANS: D At the time of the beginning of menstruation or the skeletal age of 13 years, most girls have grown to about 95% of their adult height. They may have some additional growth (5%) until the epiphyseal plates are closed. Although growth cannot be definitively predicted, on average, 95% of adult height has been reached with the onset of menstruation. Pubertal growth spurt lasts about 1 year does not address the girl’s question. Young women usually will grow approximately 5% moreNaUfRteSrINthGeToBn.CseOtMof menstruation. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 41 TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 8. How is a child’s skeletal age best determined? a. Assessment of dentition b. Assessment of height over time c. Facial bone development d. Radiographs of the hand and wrist ANS: D The most accurate measure of skeletal age is radiologic examinations of the growth plates. These are the epiphyseal cartilage plates. Radiographs of the hand and wrist provide the most useful screening to determine skeletal age. Age of tooth eruption has considerable variation in children. It would not be a good determinant of skeletal age. Assessment of height over time will provide a record of the child’s height but not skeletal age. Facial bone development will not reflect the child’s skeletal age, which is determined by radiographic assessment. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 41 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 9. Trauma to which site can result in a growth problem for children’s long bones? TestBankW WONGS ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 10TH EDITION HOCKENBERRY TEST BANK NURSINGTB.COM a. Matrix b. Connective tissue c. Calcified cartilage d. Epiphyseal cartilage plate ANS: D The epiphyseal cartilage plate is the area of active growth. Bone injury at the epiphyseal plate can significantly affect subsequent growth and development. Trauma or infection can result in deformity. The matrix, connective tissue, and calcified cartilage are not areas of active growth. Trauma in these sites will not result in growth problems for the long bones. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehend REF: p. 41 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 10. A nurse has completed a teaching session for adolescents regarding lymphoid tissue growth. Which statement, by the adolescents, indicates understanding of the teaching? a. The tissue reaches adult size by age 1 year. b. The tissue quits growing by 6 years of age. c. The tissue is poorly developed at birth. d. The tissue is twice the adult size by ages 10 to 12 years. ANS: D Lymphoid tissue continues growing until it reaches maximal development at ages 10 to 12 years, which is twice its adult size. A rapid decline in size occurs until it reaches adult size by the end of adolescence. The tissueNrUeRacShINesGaTdBu.CltOsMize at 6 years of age but continues to grow. The tissue is well developed at birth. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze REF: p. 42 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Evaluation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 11. Which statement is true about the basal metabolic rate (BMR) in children? a. It is reduced by fever. b. It is slightly higher in boys than in girls at all ages. c. It increases with age of child. d. It decreases as proportion of surface area to body mass increases. ANS: B The BMR is the rate of metabolism when the body is at rest. At all ages, the rate is slightly higher in boys than in girls. The rate is increased by fever. The BMR is highest in infancy and then closely relates to the proportion of surface area to body mass. As the child grows, the proportion decreases progressively to maturity. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 42 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Growth and Development TestBankW WONGS ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 10TH EDITION HOCKENBERRY TEST BANK NURSINGTB.COM 12. A mother reports that her 6-year-old child is highly active, irritable, and irregular in habits and that the child adapts slowly to new routines, people, or situations. How should the nurse chart this type of temperament? a. Easy b. Difficult c. Slow-to-warm-up d. Fast-to-warm-up ANS: B Being highly active, irritable, irregular in habits, and adapting slowly to new routines, people, or situations is a description of difficult children, which compose about 10% of the population. Negative withdrawal responses are typical of this type of child, who requires a more structured environment. Mood expressions are usually intense and primarily negative. These children exhibit frequent periods of crying and often violent tantrums. Easy children are even tempered, regular, and predictable in their habits. They are open and adaptable to change. Approximately 40% of children fit this description. Slow-to-warm-up children typically react negatively and with mild intensity to new stimuli and adapt slowly with repeated contact. Approximately 10% of children fit this description. “Fast-to-warm-up” is not one of the categories identified. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 43 TOP: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 13. A 12-year-old child enjoys collecting stamps, playing soccer, and participating in Boy Scout activities. The nurse recognizes th Na Ut t Rh Se INch Gi Tld B. i Cs OdMisplaying which developmental task? a. Identity b. Industry c. Integrity d. Intimacy ANS: B Industry is engaging in tasks that can be carried through to completion, learning to compete and cooperate with others, and learning rules. Industry is the developmental task characteristic of the school-age child. Identity is the developmental task of adolescence. Integrity and intimacy are not developmental tasks of childhood. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 38 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 14. A nurse is conducting parenting classes for parents of children ranging in ages 2 to 7 years. The parents understand the term egocentrism when they indicate it means: a. selfishness. b. self-centeredness. c. preferring to play alone. d. unable to put self in another’s place. ANS: D TestBankW WONGS ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 10TH EDITION HOCKENBERRY TEST BANK NURSINGTB.COM According to Piaget, children ages 2 to 7 years are in the preoperational stage of development. Children interpret objects and events not in terms of their general properties but in terms of their relationships or their use to them. This egocentrism does not allow children of this age to put themselves in another’s place. Selfishness, self-centeredness, and preferring to play alone do not describe the concept of egocentricity. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 45 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Evaluation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 15. The nurse is observing parents playing with their 10-month-old child. Which should the nurse recognize as evidence that the child is developing object permanence? a. Looks for the toy that parents hide under the blanket b. Returns the blocks to the same spot on the table c. Recognizes that a ball of clay is the same when flattened out d. Bangs two cubes held in her hands ANS: A Object permanence is the realization that items that leave the visual field still exist. When the infant searches for the toy under the blanket, it is an indication that object permanence has developed. Returning the blocks to the same spot on the table is not an example of object permanence. Recognizing that a ball of clay is the same when flattened out is an example of conservation, which occurs during the concrete operations stage from 7 to 11 years. Banging two cubes together is a simple repetitive activity characteristic of developing a sense of cause and effect. NURSINGTB.COM DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 45 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 16. A father tells the nurse that his child is “filling up the house with collections” like seashells, bottle caps, baseball cards, and pennies. What should the nurse recognize the child is developing? a. Object permanence b. Preoperational thinking c. Concrete operational thinking d. Ability to use abstract symbols ANS: C During concrete operations, children develop logical thought processes. They are able to classify, sort, order, and otherwise organize facts about the world. This ability fosters the child’s ability to create collections. Object permanence is the realization that items that leave the visual field still exist. This is a task of infancy and does not contribute to collections. Preoperational thinking is concrete and tangible. Children in this age group cannot reason beyond the observable, and they lack the ability to make deductions or generalizations. Collections are not typical for this developmental level. The ability to use abstract symbols is a characteristic of formal operations, which develops during adolescence. These children can develop and test hypotheses. TestBankW WONGS ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 10TH EDITION HOCKENBERRY TEST BANK NURSINGTB.COM DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 45 TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 17. A visitor arrives at a daycare center during lunchtime. The preschool children think that every time they have lunch a visitor will arrive. Which preoperational characteristic is being displayed? a. Egocentrism b. Transductive reasoning c. Intuitive reasoning d. Conservation ANS: B Transductive reasoning is when two events occur together, they cause each other. The expectation that every time lunch is served a visitor will arrive is descriptive of transductive reasoning. Egocentrism is the inability to see things from any perspective than their own. Intuitive reasoning (e.g., the stars have to go to bed just as they do) is predominantly egocentric thought. Conservation (able to realize that physical factors such as volume, weight, and number remain the same even though outward appearances are changed) does not occur until school age. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze REF: p. 44 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Diagnosis MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 18. Which behavior is most characteriNsUticRSoIfNtGhTeBc.oCnOcMrete operations stage of cognitive development? a. Progression from reflex activity to imitative behavior b. Inability to put oneself in another’s place c. Increasingly logical and coherent thought processes d. Ability to think in abstract terms and draw logical conclusions ANS: C During the concrete operations stage of development, which occurs approximately between ages 7 and 11 years, increasingly logical and coherent thought processes occur. This is characterized by the child’s ability to classify, sort, order, and organize facts to use in problem solving. The progression from reflex activity to imitative behavior is characteristic of the sensorimotor stage of development. The inability to put oneself in another’s place is characteristic of the preoperational stage of development. The ability to think in abstract terms and draw logical conclusions is characteristic of the formal operations stage of development. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 45 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 19. According to Kohlberg, children develop moral reasoning as they mature. Which statement is most characteristic of a preschooler’s stage of moral development? a. Obeying the rules of correct behavior is important. b. Showing respect for authority is important behavior. TestBankW WONGS ESSENTIALS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 10TH EDITION HOCKENBERRY TEST BANK NURSINGTB.COM c. Behavior that pleases others is considered good. d. Actions are determined as good or bad in terms of their consequences. ANS: D Preschoolers are most likely to exhibit characteristics of Kohlberg’s preconventional level of moral development. During this stage, they are culturally oriented to labels of good or bad, right or wrong. Children integrate these concepts based on the physical or pleasurable consequences of their actions. Obeying the rules of correct behavior, showing respect for authority, and engaging in behavior that pleases others are characteristics of Kohlberg’s conventional level of moral development. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 46 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 20. A school nurse notes that school-age children generally obey the rules at school. The nurse recognizes that the children are displaying which stage of moral development? a. Preconventional b. Conventional c. Postconventional d. Undifferentiated ANS: B Conventional stage of moral development is described as obeying the rules, doing one’s duty, showing respect for authority, and maintaining the social order. This stage is characteristic of school-age children’s behavior. ThNeUpRrSeIcNoGnTvBe.nCtOioMnal stage is characteristic of the toddler and preschool age. At this stage, the child has no concept of the basic moral order that supports being good or bad. The postconventional level is characteristic of an adolescent and occurs at the formal stage of operation. Undifferentiated describes an infant’s understanding of moral development. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze REF: p. 46 TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Evaluation MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 21. A nurse observes a toddler playing with sand and water. How should the nurse document this type of play? a. Skill b. Dramatic c. Social-affective d. Sense-pleasure ANS: D The toddler playing with sand and water is engaging in sense-pleasure play. This is characterized by nonsocial situations in which the child is stimulated by objects in the environment. Infants engage in skill play when they persistently demonstrate and exercise newly acquired abilities. Dramatic play is